老师们，请注意：那些看上去不理会你的学生可能实际上是正在为寻找正确答案而在大脑中处理复杂的信息。当成年人在被问到一个发人深省的问题时，他们倾向于把目光从提问者脸上转移开去。这个时候成年人转移目光的机率是85%，而5岁和更小的孩子只有40%。当一个老师在问你问题的时候把脸转向窗外，你的注意也会立即被那个方向所吸引。老师应该怎么做呢？Doherty-Sneddon说：“给孩子们足够的思考时间得出答案是非常重要的。我们总是趋向于快速反应，但这会打断孩子的专心。”-psytopic.com
老师们，请注意：那些看上去不理会你的学生可能实际上是正在为寻找正确答案而在大脑中处理复杂的信息。
最近研究发现，当学生的目光从老师或者其它人的脸上转移开时，他们更有可能是在思考正确答案。
面部表情可以导致分心。
这个研究在上周发表于《英国发展心理学》杂志。
成年人也一样
科学家们已经知道，当成年人在被问到一个发人深省的问题时，他们倾向于把目光从提问者脸上转移开去。这个时候成年人转移目光的机率是85%，而5岁和更小的孩子只有40%。
为了了解所说的“目光转移”如何影响注意集中，心理学家在斯特灵的一所小学招募了20名5岁的小学儿童，他们训练这其中的10名儿童在沉思的时候把脸转开。“我们要求他们看地板上的一张白纸，”苏格兰斯特灵大学的心理学家，合作研究者Gwyneth Doherty-Sneddon说：“另外的10名儿童不接受任何训练。”然后，科学家们问每位儿童一系列数学和语言题目，题目的难度顺序是由易到难的。
他们发现，那些被要求在思考时把脸转开的学生中有72%正确回答问题，那些没有被训练的学生只有55%正确回答问题。
“两组被试的显著差异在于对困难问题的解答上，被训练“目光转移”的一组平均正确率为60.9%，而没被训练的对照组的正确率只有36.7%。”Doherty-Sneddon说。
避免分心
研究团体表示这个发现可能是由目光交汇会导致的。人类的面部在心理上是充满魅力的，以至于人们很难忽略它。Doherty-Sneddon解释说。比如：当一个老师在问你问题的时候把脸转向窗外，你的注意也会立即被那个方向所吸引。
老师应该怎么做呢？“这对老师真的很有意义，”Doherty-Sneddon说：“给孩子们足够的思考时间得出答案是非常重要的。我们总是趋向于快速反应，但这会打断孩子的专心。”
目光转移是“我正在思考”的信号。避免目光交汇也许才是教育者们的有效的教具，而不是使用训斥的方法。
附原文：
Looking Away Helps Concentration
Teachers take note: Students who seem to be ignoring you could actually be processing complex information in an attempt to come up with an answer.
Researchers recently discovered that when school children avert their gaze away from a teacher or other person's face, they are much more likely to come up with the correct answer.
Turns out facial expressions can be distracting.
The research was published last week in the British Journal of Developmental Psychology.
Adults, too
Scientists have known that adults tend to turn their gaze away from a questioner's face when asked a thought-provoking question. While adults practice this look-away about 85 percent of the time, children five years old and younger do it just 40 percent of the time.
To find out how so-called "gaze aversion" impacts concentration, psychologists recruited 20 five-year-old children from a primary school in Stirlingshire. They trained 10 of the students to look away when pondering a question. "We had them look at a blank piece of paper on the floor," said co-author Gwyneth Doherty-Sneddon, a psychologist at Stirling University in Scotland. The other 10 students received no training. Then, the scientists asked each child a series of math and verbal questions, ranging from easy to moderate level.
They found that the students instructed to look away answered 72 percent of the questions accurately, while the untrained group succeeded in answering only 55 percent correctly.
"The difference between groups was especially evident on the difficult questions where the [averted gaze] group got on average 60.9 percent correct while the [untrained] kids got only 36.7 percent," Doherty-Sneddon said.
Avoiding distraction
The team suggests the findings could be a result of distraction during eye contact. Human faces are mentally captivating, making it difficult to ignore, Doherty-Sneddon said. For instance, she explained that if a teacher were to turn toward a window when asking you a question, your attention would immediately be drawn in that direction.
What's a teacher to do? "It does have real implications for teachers," Doherty-Sneddon said. "It's really important to give children enough thinking time to come up with answers. We tend to jump in too quickly, and that interrupts concentration."
An averted gaze could signal "I'm thinking." So instead of a reprimand-invoking act, avoiding eye contact could be a helpful scholastic tool.
By Jeanna Bryner
译者：罗禹(Roger)
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