2006-09-19

答网友问:幻听现象表示患有精神分裂症?



本文观点不同于传统意义上心理咨询师所持观念。一位Psytopic的网友来信咨询:一位70多岁的老年人在丧偶之后经常梦见老伴,甚至在这两、三年之后有时在清醒的状态下还会听到老伴在和自己说话,但其它日常生活一切正常。她会不会因为过度地思念老伴而患精神分裂症?出现了幻听现象是不是表示已经患有精神分裂症了?Campbell认为每个人都能会发生幻听,特别是当他们感到压抑的时候。比如:那些刚刚失恋的,还处在悲伤中的人很可能会听到曾经恋人的声音。“也许这只是人类的普通经验,”她说。-psytopic.com


Psytopic网友来信:

你好:
在我看过的有关精神分裂症方面的资料几乎都显示患者是18~25岁的青年。而一个70多岁的老年人在丧偶之后经常梦见老伴,甚至在这两、三年之后有时在清醒的状态下还会听到老伴在和自己说话,就是有了幻听的情况出现,但其它日常生活一切正常。我想请问一下,她会不会因为过度地思念老伴而患精神分裂症?她已经出现了幻听现象是不是表示已经患有精神分裂症了?

情况紧急请给矛指导,谢谢!

                Psytopic的忠实网友


Psytopic网友罗禹译作:

对一些人而言,在他们的头脑中听到声音是一种积极的体验,而不是心理疾病的信号或者说是导致痛苦的原因。曼彻斯特大学的研究者们正试图找出原因。

传统意义上心理学家所说的幻听是同心理疾病相关联的。它们是精神分裂症、躁郁症、抑郁症状的症状之一。

但是由荷兰研究者们于20世纪90年代开始的研究发现,一些健康的人也定期的发生幻听。科学家们在荷兰电视上举办一个节目,要求有幻听的志愿者来参加,他们得到了一个令人吃惊的结论。许多同他们联系的人并没有发现声音与现实分裂,也没有感觉到他们需要进行心理咨询方面的服务。一些人甚至说这种经验让他们感到愉悦或者是灵感的来源。

研究结果发现,出现幻听的人比心理学家们知道的要多,我们周围大概有4%的人都有幻听的经历。

曼彻斯特大学的心理学家Aylish Campbell,希望扩展荷兰人的研究,调查一下为什么出现幻听的现象如此的广泛。Campbell已经开始在英国寻找被试。“我们在寻找那些有幻听或者有过一系列类似经历的人。”她说。

Campbell和她的同事们猜测这些变化可能是由于不同的人生经历造成的。童年创伤、对人的不信任以及不安全感,由被攻击造成的恐惧感等都有可能造成人们的幻听。

他们描述,这种经历也可以让那些有着积极观点的人感到愉悦。

Campbell认为每个人都能会发生幻听,特别是当他们感到压抑的时候。比如:那些刚刚失恋的,还处在悲伤中的人很可能会听到曾经恋人的声音。

“也许这只是人类的普通经验,”她说。“人们对不同程度的幻听敏感。”

Campbell希望通过研究什么引发了对幻听的不同反应,以此发展出新的心理治疗方法来帮助人们处理幻听。至少可以帮助那些不喜欢幻听的人。

Campbell说:“如果我们能够更多的了解事实,我们可以用这些知识来帮助那些正经受痛苦的人。”


附原文:

Hearing Voices: Some People Like It

For some people, hearing voices in their heads is a positive experience, not a sign of mental illness or cause for distress. Researchers at the University of Manchester are aiming to find out why.

Traditionally these auditory hallucinations, as psychologists call them, are associated with mental illness. They can be a symptom of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and sometimes depression.

But studies by Dutch researchers that began in the 1990s found that some healthy people also regularly hear voices. The scientists ran a program on Dutch television asking for volunteers who heard voices, and they got a surprising response. Many of the people who contacted them did not find the voices disruptive and had never felt the need to consult mental health services. Some even said they found the experience to be positive or inspirational.

The resulting studies found that more people might hear voices than psychologists had thought, perhaps around 4 percent of the population.

Aylish Campbell, a psychologist at the University of Manchester, is hoping to expand on the Dutch study by investigating why peoples' reactions to hearing voices vary so widely. Campbell has just begun looking for study participants in Britain.

"We're looking for people who hear voices who have a range of experiences," she said.

Campbell and her colleagues suspect the variation could be caused by different life experiences. Childhood traumas, beliefs that other people are untrustworthy or dangerous, and feelings of vulnerability might react with fear to cause people to hear voices.

The experience might be enjoyed by people who have positive outlooks, they figure.

Campbell thinks anyone can hear voices, particularly when stressed. For example, those who are grieving over the recent loss of a loved one might hear that person's voice.

"It might just be a normal human experience," she said. "People are susceptible to different degrees."

Campbell hopes that learning what triggers different reactions could help develop new psychological therapies to help people—at least those who don't like the phenomenon—to cope with the voices.

"If we can understand a bit more about the factors, we might be able to use that knowledge to help people who do find it distressing," Campbell said.

By Andrea Thompson
译者:罗禹(Roger)
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